The process of civilization in 500 years

People evolved from apes of a branch, and ultimately from animals into people. Now study this process seems to be only the meaning of the file. But reading this book written by Zhang Yan, give me a great shock. Human evolution is fact not over yet. And the future there is great uncertainty. Take a look at the past, we walked the streets, may be able to see that we should current which direction embarked; which direction is likely to be wrong; these errors easier to look at from the perspective of human evolution, long river. Is as if the point of view the Earth from the spacecraft, but be able to see the sight of the ground scene.

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Hominid appear between 700 million to 500 million years. What happened after hundreds of years, is basically a nobody knows for sure. To be sure, here the progress is very slow. Until 200 million years ago began making stone tools, have a clear sign of progress. From the rough stone tools to sophisticated stone tools, during, after millions of years. These are archaeological kind to testify. But human society is how to organize the struggle, cooperation, change, and that is no physical reference, completely can only guess. Of course, is not without its base conjecture, the two materials can be used as a reference. First, the chimpanzee society, society of the indigenous people of Australia. Zhang Yan's book is based on these materials.

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First appeared in ancient times people Bioscience, the relationship between individuals or similar to the ape society. The gorilla is a male, led by dozens of females. Chimpanzees era into more than one male and multiple females. This is a great step forward, because the scale of the group, the stronger survival advantage. But between the various groups hostile to each other. And lions and tigers. Between individuals often struggle for territory. In fact, this habit of so far there is no fundamental change. For thousands of years of human history in order to compete for territory casualties numerous. Has territorial disputes strands without a break. Not have any substantial interest, is a completely possessive, is a very rational behavior, it is the nature of ancient animals. Land as opportunities for cooperation between countries, with rational thinking territorial issue, I'm afraid I have hundreds of years of evolution.

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According to Zhang Yan's research from animals into people, the key step is to change from hostility to cooperation between the two groups, making it possible to build the first human society. Small groups do not have a survival advantage. Especially for humans, and its advantage is intellectual. Intellectual superiority of play thanks to the size of the groups. The individual must not play the possibility of intellectual superiority, if a person is put the island up, he only lions and tigers to compete. To today's human advantage play to the extreme, we are able to enjoy the most advanced scientific and technological achievements, is entirely the result of large social division of labor. The initial form of this social organization is the two previously hostile communities together through negotiations. This union has a great chance. The group leader of reason and foresight, but also happened to other communities also have a similar view of the leaders. Zhang Yan believes that the initial step of the cooperation of the community leaders comparable to Einstein or Newton. Their intelligence is far more than their peers.

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We can imagine, how the human society into a modern human evolution over millions of years before. Time due to poor humanity itself vulnerable and living environment, population growth was very slow, or essentially no increase in the tens of thousands of years. Excavations of ancient human fossils are very rare now, because when the number of human has always been very rare. According to current estimates, the world's total population in the year the first year, 230 million. The rapid increase in population after the invention of agriculture. Therefore, in the year the first year of the previous eight Millennium, agriculture has just begun the total population of at most only tens of millions. The average population in the long millions of years of slow development of the General Assembly for more than a few million. So sparse population distribution in Africa and Eurasia (this is controversial), and see each other very rare opportunity to communicate. Until very developed civilization of the Tang Dynasty, the Silk Road from China to the Western Regions is also very dangerous.

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As mankind enters the Americas and Australia tens of thousands of years ago. On the one hand, sea level was lower than it is now over one hundred meters, there are many Strait was a land bridge. But more importantly, why they will venture into new territory. Very difficult time in the living conditions of people do not have time for such pursuits to explore. This migration must be severely limits survival and had engaged in risky activities. May change with the environment, but more likely is the result of a war between the tribes and territories compete. Internal internecine biota from the ape-man has never been broken. Human evolution as a high-level IQ animals reached its apex.

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From tribal warfare to the country's war dead countless. Humans still like external aggression, especially national leaders of the patriotic development of a theory of educational subjects, so that they have become the tools of war launched. The first is to allow people to judge right and wrong stand on the position of the country. When both sides are doing so, the war for both sides into a just war. Fight can fear no sacrifice, and refuses to surrender to the leaders of their lives

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More remarkable invention of mankind is on the internal control and oppression. The leaders of the country, regardless of whether they are what the name of the Emperor, the President, President, and so on, have created a super high-tech bloody suppression of internal opposition. This internal repression, the number of people killed is not less than the dead of the war. Traced to our ancestors, the Monkey King to suppress the small monkey dare to challenge their status, and a modern internal repression and the ancient Monkey King compete for the same strain, in essence, did not change. The difference is that the technology is more superior.

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A strange phenomenon, why a handful of leaders or rulers to control the vast majority of their people, for them their lives? The trick is to create a mislead people, the specious theory. From Hitler to Stalin, as well as modern rulers have such a specious theory, confusing his people. Great Quotations determination, sacrifice, against all odds to fight for the victory. "How many people dying under the instigation of this quotation. They will understand that after the death of sacrifice and victory are two different people, they were used. But it was too late.

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Modern society, a show of force, and ancient humans or mammals show of force is the same strain. Modern people often have to parade, military exercises and demonstrations to each other through these activities. Ancient ape to each other hoarse roar gotta play. The modern hostile countries to each other strong words (such as North and South Korea), two people do not know each other and on the road collision caused by recrimination, and the force between the different ancient populations ape opposite, are determined by the human animal nature.

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But things did not go desperate. Since the 18th century discovered the new rules of coexistence, is beneficial to a win-win arrangement between people slowly changed from hostile to friendly. The gradual establishment of the new rules completely changed the relationships between people. The development of humanity has embarked on a completely different a new way. This is the market economy system. The speed of human development in 200 years, if extended to population growth or life as an indicator, more than five times to ten times of the past two thousand years; more over the past several hundred times the average of several hundred thousand years. Human over hundreds of years of development to the year the first year of the population is only 230 million, life expectancy is only 24 years old; 1820 to the year 1820 only 10 million of the population, life expectancy is only 26 years old.

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To 2012, the population increased to 7 billion, the life expectancy to 69 years. If you draw a life change over time and the curve of the population can be clearly seen sudden changes in the last two hundred years. The market system has completely changed the trajectory of human development.

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Market economic system is the arrangement of the kind of economic interests, it does extremely powerful, able to mobilize all forces involved, and all parties benefit. Yet it is also a great strength of the political system and ideology. Community awareness and thousands of years or even tens of thousands of years of training together has not diminished. Are tenacious patriotism on behalf of the modern express themselves. If anyone consider global peace and development, the idea was said to be traitorous. This opposition to the patriotic and global peace perspective is difficult to correct. Maybe we have to pay a heavy price to reach universal brotherhood.

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